At the time, people speculated about who had shot down the aircraft with, initially two groups being suspected: - The first were Hutu extremists, fed-up with Habyarimana’s “giving away the farm” as his deal with the RPF and his negotiation of the Arusha Accords was sometimes referred. - The second accused the RPF rebels, mistrusting the government’s prevarication and its failure to make good on its promises

RTLM radio immediately blamed the crash on Belgian troops after the crash.

An investigation was requested by numerous parties including the UN Security Council, the African Union and the International Criminal Court for Rwanda, but it was not until 10 years after the genocide that the French began an investigation.

In 2007 the Rwandan government itself launched a formal investigation into the plane crash. This is known as the ==Mutsinzi Commission==. Their results were released in January 2010 and indicated that the downing of the aircraft was almost certainly carried out by Hutu soldiers with the intent of wrecking the peace negotiations.

No specific individual is found to be responsible for shooting down the plane.